excel 公式应用大全

excel 相对引用,绝对引用

marz posted @ Aug 11, 2010 06:59:39 AM in tool-excel with tags excel tricks , 2039 readers

1.相对引用   单元格或单元格区域的相对引用是指相对于包含公式的单元格的相对位置。例如,单元格 B2 包含公式 =A1 ;Excel 将在距单元格 B2 上面一个单元格和左面一个单元格处的单元格中查找数值。

具有相对引用的公式

    在复制包含相对引用的公式时,Excel 将自动调整复制公式中的引用,以便引用相对于当前公式位置的其他单元格。例如,单元格 B2 中含有公式:=A1,A1 是 B2 左上方的单元格,拖动A2的填充柄将其复制至单元格 B3 时,其中的公式已经改为 =A2,即单元格 B3 左上方单元格处的单元格。

具有相对引用的复制公式

    2.绝对引用   绝对引用是指引用单元格的绝对名称。例如,如果公式将单元格 A1 乘以单元格 A2 (=A1*A2)放到A4中,现在将公式复制到另一单元格中,则 Excel 将调整公式中的两个引用。如果不希望这种引用发生改变,须在引用的"行号"和"列号"前加上美元符号($),这样就是单元格的绝对引用。A4中输入公式如下:

                =$A$1*$A$2

        复制A4中的公式到任何一个单元格其值都不会改变 。

    3.相对引用与绝对引用之间的切换   如果创建了一个公式并希望将相对引用更改为绝对引用(反之亦然)操作步骤如下:
      步骤1:选定包含该公式的单元格;
      步骤2:在编辑栏中选择要更改的引用并按 F4 键;
      步骤3:每次按 F4 键时,Excel 会在以下组合间切换:
           ①绝对列与绝对行(例如,$A$1);
           ②相对列与绝对行(A$1);
           ③绝对列与相对行($C1);
           ④相对列与相对行 (C1)。

    例如,在公式中选择地址 $A$1 并按 F4 键,引用将变为 A$1。再一次按 F4 键,引用将变为 $A1,以此类推。如下图:

按一次F4

按二次F4

按三次F4

按四次F4

 

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